....although those programs can be all over the map.
In my experience, some quant-related fields (Statistics, Biostatistics, GIS) can have a payoff. Quant social sciences (Econ, maybe legit sociology or poly sci) can, but largely because the person has advanced quant skills. The recent spates of tech layoffs may change that. Don't know about Comp Sci / Comp-E.
MPHs are all over the map -- an MPH in biostats probably has a payoff, an MPH in health communications, probably not. A place like DC is crawling with MPH, MPP, MPA jobs -- but also with a glut of these persons.
I will say that it seems increasingly jobs require an MA/MS. So, maybe in that sense a generic MA/MS kind of helps pays for itself. Maybe.